1. Obstacle Detection and Avoidance: AGVs are equipped with sensors, such as laser scanners, ultrasonic sensors, and cameras, to detect obstacles in their path. They use this data to plan alternative routes or stop to avoid collisions. 2. Collision Avoidance: AGVs are programmed to slow down or stop when they come into proximity with humans or other objects. Some AGVs are designed to have collision-resistant features, like bumpers or soft materials, to minimize damage in case of contact. 3. Emergency Stop Button: AGVs often have a prominent emergency stop button or switch that can be pressed by human operators or triggered automatically in case of a safety breach. 4. Safety Interlocks: AGVs can be integrated with safety interlocks that disable their operation when safety gates are opened or when a person enters a restricted area. 5. Zone Control: AGVs can be programmed to operate in specific zones within a facility, ensuring that they stay out of areas with high pedestrian traffic. 6. Speed Control: AGVs can vary their speed based on the environment. They may slow down in congested areas or speed up on straight paths. 7. Light and Sound Warnings: AGVs can be equipped with lights or audible signals to alert nearby personnel of their presence and actions. 8. Safeguarded Workspaces: AGVs can operate within safeguarded workspaces, which are defined areas where human access is restricted during AGV operation. 9. Fail-Safe Mechanisms: AGVs are designed with fail-safe mechanisms to ensure that they come to a safe stop in the event of a system failure or loss of communication. 10. Remote Monitoring and Control: AGV systems often have remote monitoring and control capabilities, allowing operators to take control or intervene in emergency situations. 11. Predictive Maintenance: Predictive maintenance technology can be used to monitor AGV components and systems, reducing the risk of unexpected breakdowns. 12. Operator Training and Awareness: Proper training of personnel who work around AGVs is crucial for safety. They should be aware of AGV behavior and emergency procedures. 13. Compliance with Safety Standards: AGVs should meet industry-specific safety standards and regulations to ensure their safe operation. 14. Integration with Other Systems: AGVs may be integrated with other safety systems in the facility, such as automated warehouse management systems and alarms. 15. Documentation and Reporting: AGV systems often maintain logs and reports of safety-related incidents, providing valuable data for analysis and improvement. Implementing these safety features and adhering to safety standards is essential to minimize the risks associated with AGVs and ensure safe and efficient operation in industrial environments. Additionally, ongoing risk assessments and safety audits can help identify and address potential hazards as AGV systems evolve and expand within a facility.